大豆突变体NJS-1H核雄性不育性的细胞学与遗传学分析

Cytological and Genetical Characterization of A Nuclear Male-sterille Soybean Mutant NJS-1H

利用化学诱变剂叠氮化钠(NaN3)处理大豆品种南农86-4,获得雄性不育突变体NJS-1H。细胞学观察发现,该突变体不育株NJS-1H(s)的小孢子在减数分裂前期I染色体联会异常,出现单价体;减数分裂过程中出现染色体落后、不对称或不同步分裂等现象;在四分体阶段,出现各种畸形多分体及大量微核;所形成单核小孢子细胞核消失,细胞质变稀薄,最后成熟花粉粒无内容物,完全不育。从减数分裂到花粉粒发育成熟都有败育发生,但大量败育主要发生在减数分裂阶段。人工平行杂交试验表明其雌性育性不正常。对突变体后代育性分离株系及株系群的遗传分析,发现NJS-1H的雄性不育性受1对隐性核基因控制。

A soybean nuclear male-sterile mutant NJS-1 H was obtained from NN86-4 induced with NaN3. A series of irregular phenomena were observed during its microsporogenesis based on normal squash and acetoearmine dyeing. The meiosis of pollen mother cells of its male sterile plants was highly abnormal in chromosome synapsis at prophase I, followed with appearing univalent, chromosome lagging, unequal and asynehrony distribution, etc. during the meiotic process. At tetrad stage, various malformed polyad and a large number of mieronuclei appeared. Afterwards at uninuelear microspore stage, the nuclei degenerated with cytoplasm becoming washy and microspores shrunk and then the mature pollens appeared empty without cell inclusion and therefore were sterile. The abnormal phenomena occurred almost at all stages from initial of meiosis to pollen maturity with its major period during meiosis since the disorder of chromosome synapsis causing pollen degeneration. The re- sults from parallel cross tests indicated that the NJS-1H male-sterile plant is also partially female-sterile. From the male fertility segregation analyses of progenies derived from male-fertile individuals obtained in fertility-segregation families, it was found that the male sterility of NJS-1H was controlled by a pair of recessive nuclear genes.