大豆种子性状、幼苗性状及经济性状间的相关性分析

Relations between Characters of Seed,Seedling Characters and Yield Characters of Soybean

用22个种子性状差异较大的大豆品种,在测量种子百粒重、百粒容积和容重后,进行田间试验,测定各品种幼苗性状及经济性状的平均值,计算大豆种子性状、幼苗性状及经济性状的相关系数。结果表明:大豆种子粒重和容积与出苗率呈极显著负相关,与幼苗叶绿素含量和基茎粗呈极显著正相关,与幼苗根、茎、叶干物重呈显著或不显著的正相关,与后代百粒重和单株产量呈极显著正相关。幼苗叶绿素含量高的品种,单株分枝数和单株荚数多,百粒重和单株产量高。幼苗茎干重和根干重对单株分枝数和单株产量有显著影响,基茎粗与百粒重呈显著相关。选用大粒品种,既可培育壮苗,又可获得较高的单株产量。

After 100-grain weight, 100-grain volume and weight/volume measured, twenty-two soybean varieties were tested in a field to clear and definite the relations between characters of soybean seed, seedling characters and yield characters of soybean. Their seedling characters and yield characters were measured, and the correlative coefficients between characters of seed, seedling characters and yield characters were calculated and analyzed. Significant negative correlations between 100- grain weight and emergence rate and between 100-grain volume and emergence rate were found. However, 100-grain weight and 100-grain volume had much significant positive correlations with chlorophyll content and stem diameter of seedling, and with lO0-grain weight and yield per plant of descendants. The soybean seedlings with higher content of chlorophyll tended to have higher 100-grain weight and yield per plant. The dry matter weight of root and stem of soybean seedling influenced yield per plant markedly. Therefore, selecting and using big grain seed of soybean can cultivated strong seedlings with higher content of chlorophyll and can gain higher yield.