试析近代以来山东运河的衰落及其原因

Analysis of the Reasons for Decline of the Shandong Canal in Modern History

京杭大运河有"人类历史奇迹"的美誉,它北起北京,南到杭州,流经京、津、冀、鲁、苏、浙四省二市,是贯通我国南北水运的大动脉。千百年来,在政治、经济、军事、文化等方面发挥了重要作用,成为维系中国大一统局面的政治纽带,大运河也呈现出盛极一时的繁荣局面。但清末至民国时期,由于航道淤塞、黄河改道、漕粮河运改为海运等自然、社会原因,京杭运河一度走向衰落。随着铁路、公路等现代交通方式的出现,昔日沟通南北经济文化联系的大动脉的繁盛局面一去不复返。本文选取京杭运河主要是山东运河在近代以来的衰落情况及其原因作简单分析。

The Beijing from Beijing, south to Hangzhou Grand Canal has the reputation Hangzhou, through Beijing, Tianjin,Hebei, of ＂miracle in human history＂ ,which north Shandong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang provinces and two municipalities, linking China＇s major south - north north - south artery of water transport. For thousands of years, the Grand Canal played an important role in the political, economic, military, culture, and also in the maintenance of China as a unified political ties of the situation. The Grand Canal bears witness to a very popular situation of prosperity. However, during the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, due to blockage of waterways, the Yellow River diversion of river, channels changed to shipping grain and other naturalor social reasons, the Beijing- Hangzhou Grand Canal once declined . With the emergence of the modem mode of transportation such as railways, highways, the prosperous situation of communication between the former north - south artery of economic and cultural ties was a thing of the past. This paper mainly analyses the reasons for the decline of Beijing - Hangzhou Grand Canal especially the Shandong canal in modern history.