我国林火监测体系现状分析

Analysis of Current Forest Fire Monitoring System in China

森林火灾是一种世界性的林业重大灾害,我国每年都有上千次的森林火灾发生,造成严重的森林资源破坏、经济和财产损失。文章从空间范围角度将我国目前的林火监测体系分为卫星监测、航空巡护、近地面观测(瞭望塔观测和视频监控)和地面监测四种主要监测形式,并介绍了各种林火监测方法,同时对四种林火监测手段各自的优缺点进行了比较,最后结合目前出现的新技术与新方法对未来林火监测体系的发展趋势进行了展望。

Forest fire is one of the most major disasters in the world. There have taken place thousands of forest fires every year in China, which have destroyed enormous forest resources and economy damage. In this paper, the forest fire monitoring system was divided into four primary monitoring instruments according to the space location of monitor. They are satellite surveillance, aircraft patrol, near - surface observation （Watch tower and Video surveillance） and surface observation. All of these forest fire monitoring methods have been introduced. At the same time, the advantages and disadvantages of the four kinds of forest/ire monitoring forms have been compared. Finally, combining the new technologies and methodologies, ＂the future development trend of forest fire monitoring system has been putted forward.