异氰酸酯生产过程中危险有害因素及安全防护措施

Hazardous Factors and Control Measures in Production of Isocyanate

介绍二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)这两种最常见的主要异氰酸酯的生产工艺技术概况;分析其生产过程中异氰酸酯、光气、氯气泄漏事故和存在的危险有害因素;辨识出异氰酸酯生产过程中的主要危险有害因素为毒性危害、火灾、爆炸危险等;提出相应的国际5层次安全防护措施,即选择合适的工艺路线、采用严格的设计条件、增加快速高效的在线监测、切实可行的监控和减缓措施、组织机构和安全管理措施,提出异氰酸酯生产和生产装置设计应严格遵守《光气及光气化产品生产安全规程》的要求。

Two kinds of production processes and techniques of isocyanates through methylenediphenyl diisocyanate（MDI）and toluene diisocyanate （TDI）,are respectively briefed.The accidents from isocyanate,phosgene and chlorine leakage and the hazards existing in their production processes are analyzed.The major hazards in the production of isocyanates are identified as toxicity,fire and explosion.The world advanced five levels of safety precautions,that is,choice of proper process,use of strict design conditions,rapid and high efficient on-line detections,practical monitoring,control and mitigation measures,organisation structure and safety management measures,are proposed.Safety regulations for the production of phosgene and phosgenation products （GB19041—2003） followed in the production of isocyanates and in the design of production plant is proposed.