溃堤洪水的一维、二维耦合水动力模型及应用

Coupled one-and two-dimensional hydrodynamic models for levee-breach flood and its application

为了减小因溃堤洪水而造成的人员生命和财产损失,本文建立了能够对天然河道溃堤水流进行模拟的一维、二维耦合数学模型。一维水流模型采用Preissmann格式离散求解,二维水流模型采用基于非结构网格的Roe格式离散求解,在一、二维模型的链接处采用堰流公式实现河槽内外水流的交互。通过典型测试算例验证了本耦合模型的可靠性和稳定性。检验后的耦合模型为大江大河的溃堤洪水计算提供了基础,将该模型成功应用于松花江哈尔滨段松北分洪区溃堤洪水的模拟,所得信息可以为防洪决策部门提供参考依据。

A coupled numerical model of one- and two-dimensional flows was developed to simulate levee- breach flood over actual topographies. Preissmann implicit scheme was used for 1D simulation and Roe method for the 2D model of unstructured mesh. Two models are jointed through a weir flow equation to calculate the interaction between flows inside and outside the main channel. Verification of the model with well established data showed good accuracy and stability in prediction of levee-breach floods of natural rivers. This model was successfully applied to the case of Songbei detention basin in Haerbin city to predict the possible levee-breach flood,and the results provide valuable information to the flood-control agencies.