松针褐斑病菌和4个球腔菌属真菌毒素杀草活性比较

Preliminary Comparison of Herbicidal Activity of Mycotoxins Produced by Lecanosticta acicola and Four Species in Genus Mycosphaerella

以紫茎泽兰和湿地松幼苗为材料，研究球腔菌属4个菌种毒素粗提物活性，并与松针褐斑病菌对比。结果显示：褐孢霉菌和草莓蛇眼小球壳菌对湿地松幼苗和紫茎泽兰均具有伤害作用，且为非寄主专化性毒素。在MS液体培养基中，松针褐斑病菌产毒高峰为10～20d，20d达到最大；褐孢霉菌和草莓蛇眼小球壳菌产毒高峰为5～10d，10d左右达到最大。不同浓度毒素粗提液对紫茎泽兰伤害活性测定结果显示，松针褐斑病菌和褐孢霉菌毒素粗提物活性比草莓蛇眼小球壳菌毒素粗提物活性更强；梨球腔菌和柿子球腔菌在MS液体培养基中不能产生明显伤害生测材料的毒素物质。

The crude toxin extracts of four species in genus Mycosphaerella were studied and their toxicity was compared with the crude toxin produced by Lecanosticta acicola via bioassay taking seedlings of Eupatorium adenophorum and Pinus elliottii as experiment objects. The results indicated that the toxin produced by Mycosphaerella fulva and M. fragariae was harmful to bioassy seedlings of both species in the liquid MS medium. And it was showed that the toxins produced by the two Mycosphaerella species were non-host specific toxins. The toxin-producing peak period of Lecanosticta acicola was 10-20d, and reached the highest around 20d, the toxin producing peak period of Mycosphaerellafulva and M. fragariae was 5 -10d, and reached the highest at about 10d. The bioassay results indicated that the herbicidal activities of the crude toxin extracted from Lecanosticta acicola and Mycosphaerella fulva was stronger than that of the crude toxins extracted from Mycosphaerella fragariae. In the liquid MS medium, Mycosphaerella sentina and M. sp. did not obviously produce toxins so they did not injure the bioasaay meterials.