汉末魏晋的思想变化与山水审美的产生

On the Change of the Ideology in the Period of Wei and Jin and the Beginning of the Aesthetic Culture of Landscape

汉末,士人与政权日益疏离,正统观念逐渐淡化,儒家思想的统治地位丧失。人们开始超越儒家道德标准而寻求独立的自我价值,个性意识觉醒,从而导致了对自然之美的发现。对儒家思想中的人类中心主义的破除,是自然山水向人类呈现自身之美的前提;对儒家道德理性的扬弃和承认感性需求满足的合理性,使对自然山水的审美成为了士人生活中必不可少的需要;摆脱对政权、君主的依附地位,体道的人生超越了入仕的人生,道与美的相通,导致了士人由体道而走向发现自然山水之美。

Near the end of the Han Dynasty, the ruling position of the Confucius lost with the scholar＇s separation from the power. Beyond the Confucius criterion of values, the people at that time started to seek ,for their own criterion of values, which resulted into finding the natural beauty. The abolition of the human - centered concept in the Confucius is the prerequisite for the natural beauty like the landscape showing its beauty to the humankind. The aesthetic culture of landscape became the essential part in the scholar＇ s life. Separation from the political power and the King lead the scholar to find the beauty of the landscape.