移民、血缘与信仰变迁——以台湾客家巫氏为例

Migration,Consanguinity and Belief Change——Case of Hakka Wu,Taiwan

巫罗俊是闽西客家巫氏的先祖,在巫氏族人祠堂中,他比较罕见地以塑像的形式为后人祀奉;而他带领当地民众开基立业的壮举,更使得其由"祖"而"神",升格为宁化县的土地神。清中叶闽(粤)客家巫氏族人大量移民台湾,他们数典不忘祖,皆铭记巫罗俊为始祖,并慎终追远,直至今日仍坚持定期到宁化巫氏公祠赡拜祖先,表现出血缘关系的承传和延续。在迁台过程中,巫罗俊崇拜在台湾也由"人"升格为"神",演变为王爷信仰这一颇具地方色彩的神明角色,它提醒我们要注意福建民间信仰在台湾自然、人文环境下所产生的调适与衍变,只有正视这种差异性才能更好地为我们论证闽台文化同一性树立科学论说。

Wu Luojun was Wu＇s ancestor in West Fujian. He was enshrined uncommonly by statue in the ancestral hall of Wu＇s family. The successful story that he once leaded local people to open-establishing themselves even made him become the land God of Ninghua country, upgraded from ＂ancestral＂ to ＂God＂. In Mid-Qing, a huge number of Hakka Wu immigrants moved from Fujian （Guangdong） to Taiwan. They did not forget their ancestors and recognized Wu Luojun as their first ancestor. And even today they still insist on a regular worship to him in Wu＇s family ancestral hall, Ninghua, showing blood inheritance relationship to the world. During the process of moving to Taiwan, Wu Luojun Worship has upgraded from ＂people＂ to ＂God＂ and become a King Worship with local color. This reminds us to pay attention to the adjustment and evolvement of Fujian folk belief under Taiwan＇s natural and human environment. Only correctly treating this otherness can help us to establish a scientific proof of cultural identity between Fujian and Taiwan.