环境侵权归责原则研究

Research on Imputation Principle of Environmental Torts

环境侵权责任归责原则经历了一个从过错责任到无过错责任的发展过程。然而实践证明,无过错责任在保护受害人的同时,在加害人和受害人之间形成了新的不公平。从预防环境侵权的角度来看,无过错责任并不能充分激励加害人采取预防措施。无过错责任固有的缺陷使得单一的归责原则难以解决纷繁复杂的环境侵权纠纷,建立一个无过错责任和过错责任并存的归责原则体系是平衡各方当事人利益、实现公平正义的关键。在合理配置无过错责任和过错责任的过程中,引起环境侵权的原因行为的类型以及加害主体和加害行为是否具有营业性是需要考量的因素。

Imputation principle of environmental torts has processed from fault liability to liability without fault. Although no - fault liability protects victims, it develops new unfairness between victims and tortfeasor. And moreover, no-fault liability eant prompt torffeasor to defend against environmental torts. The inherent shortages make no-fault liability hard to singly resolve the eomplicated en- vironmental disputes. So it is indispensable to establish an imputation principle system which is composed of no-fault liability and fault liability. During the establishment of an imputation principle system, the cause of environmental torts and the business character of tort- feasor and tort are what we should pay attention to.