天鹅处女型故事与萨满教

Swan-maiden-type Story and Shamanism

文章主要探讨"天鹅处女型"故事类型为何被布里亚特蒙古人当作族源传说的原因。文章认为人与动物婚配的异类婚故事在一些民族中被提升为建国神话或族源传说,其主要原因就是这些故事类型满足了建国神话和族源传说叙述模式的需要。而包括布里亚特蒙古人在内的北方古代民族的萨满教可以将异类婚故事中的动物配偶纳入到自己的神灵体系当中,从而在部落祖先和天神之间建立血缘纽带。

This paper mainly discusses the reason why Swan--maiden--type story was regarded as the legend of the ethnic origin by the Buryat Mongols. It thinks the reason why the story of human- being--and--animal heterogeneous marriages was considered as the country--founding mythology and the legend of ethnic origin lies mainly in the fact that stories of this type meets the need of the narrative mode of such country--founding myths and legends of ethnic origin. Shamanism of ancient northern ethnic groups including the Buryat Mongols incorporates the animal spouse of the heterogeneous marriages story into their god systems so as to establish blood ties between the tribal ancestor and the god.