浒苔堆肥化处理及对大白菜产量和品质的影响

Effects of Enteromorpha prolifera composting on yield and quality of Chinese cabbage

以浒苔和玉米秸秆为主要堆肥原料,采用高温堆肥技术进行堆肥处理,并在大白菜生产中进行了试验研究。结果表明,浒苔+秸秆+EM菌剂堆肥处理50℃以上高温持续时间最长,达到19 d,优于鸡粪堆肥处理的高温时间,堆肥效果最好。有机物料腐熟剂可使堆体温度快速上升,主要保持在中温阶段发酵。浒苔堆肥对大白菜具有明显的增产作用,对其品质影响较小,肥效与鸡粪堆肥相当。施用浒苔堆肥可以减少化肥的施用量,避免养分淋失和对环境的污染。但浒苔堆肥施用量过大时可导致土壤pH值降低和土壤盐分含量提高。因此,浒苔堆肥在蔬菜生产中应用时要根据土壤理化性状确定施肥量,浒苔与秸秆或鸡粪混合堆肥作基肥施用时一般以不超过11.25 t/hm2、单独施用浒苔(干),其用量以不超过5.6 t/hm2为宜。

The composting experiment was carried out with the high-temperature compost technology by using the Enteromorpha prolifera and corn stalk as main material.The results indicated that the compost of Enteromorpha prolifera ＋ corn stalk ＋EM lasted the longest time about 19d above 50℃,which was better than chicken manure compost.The organic substance-decomposition maturing agent increased the pile temperature rapidly,which mainly maintains at the stage of mesophilic fermentation.The Enteromorpha prolifera compost had obvious effect on the yield and application little influence on the quality of Chinese cabbage.Its fertilizer efficiency was similar with chicken manure compost.The application of Enteromorpha prolifera compost could reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer to avoid nutrient leaching loss and environment pollution.But excessive application of compost could reduce pH and increase salt content in soil.Therefore,the Enteromorpha prolifera compost application should be based on soil physical and chemical properties in vegetable production.The amount of compost was generally not more than 11.25 t/hm2,while dry compost application 5.6 t/hm2for basic fertilizer.