弱视患病危险因素的1∶1配比病例对照研究

The 1∶1 matched case-control analysis on the risk factors of amblyopia

目的:探讨儿童弱视患病的主要危险因素。方法:采用1∶1配比的病例对照研究方法,对新诊断的60例弱视儿童及与病例同性别、同居住地区、年龄相差±0.5岁以内的60名健康儿童进行调查。应用条件Logistic回归分析方法分析先天因素、后天环境状况及营养因素等对弱视患病的影响。结果:单因素分析结果显示,父亲生育年龄高(OR=1.113)、孕次多(OR=1.542)、儿童常居环境采光差(OR=6.500)、儿童发钙水平高(OR=1.005)、儿童发镁含量高(OR=1.041)和儿童BMI大(OR=1.961)均可增加儿童患弱视的危险性;而父母亲学历高(OR=0.507;OR=0.624)、母亲孕期少食甜食(OR=0.560)和儿童身高高(OR=0.904)则可降低患弱视危险。进一步的多因素回归分析显示,母亲孕次多(OR=1.987)、儿童常居环境采光差(OR=15.80)、儿童发钙含量高(OR=1.010)和儿童BMI高(OR=2.170)是弱视患病的主要危险因素。结论:儿童弱视患病受多因素影响,母亲孕次多、儿童的常居环境采光差、发钙高及BMI高可增加儿童弱视患视的危险,即先天发育环境、后天光视觉环境和儿童营养状况共同影响弱视发生。

Objective： To investigate the major risk factors of amblyopia in children. Methods： A 1：1 matched case control study was used in 60 paired cases and 60 controls. The major factors impacted on the occurrence of amblyopia, including the congenital factors, acquired factors and the nutritional factors, were analyzed by condition logistic regression model. Results： Single factor analysis showed that the risk factors of amblyopia included child - bearing age of father, times of pregnancy, daylight of childg habitual room, content of calcium and magnesium in hair of child, body mass index （BMI） of child, parents educational levels, sugar - intake during pregnancy, height of child. A further multi - regression analysis confirmed that four factors, including times of pregnancy, daylight of child＇s habitual room, hair calcium content and BMI of child, were mutually related to the occurrence of amblyopia. Conclusion： More times of pregnancy, poor daylight of childg habitual room, high content of calcium in hair and high BMI of child can increase the risk of amblyopia.