制度与机制:美国高校办学特色的形成

System and Mechanisms:the Formation of American Universities Characteristics of Running a School

从文献看来,研究者们对于高校办学特色大致从本质、属性及实践等方面形成了不同的看法。概括地讲,高校办学特色具有独特性、竞争优势、高价值、历史传承性等特征。本文从制度和运行机制两个层面分析美国高校办学特色得到的结论是:一个合理的制度对高校办学特色的形成有着十分重要的作用;在一个合理的制度下只是有可能形成高校的办学特色,这种可能性转化成现实性,还需要一套成熟完善的大学运行机制;高校办学特色是一个系统性概念,它是多种因素共同作用的结果,我们必须看到其产生的复杂性。

It seems from the literature, researchers have formed different views for the characteristics of running a school from the nature, attributes and practices, etc. Generally speaking, the characteristics of running a school are unique, competitive advantage, high-value, and historical heritage, etc. We acquired the conclusion by analyzing the school characteristics of American colleges and universities from two levels of the system and operating mechanism analysis： a rational system of colleges and universities plays an important role for the formation of features; colleges and universities are likely to form the school characteristics in a reasonable system, if we want to change such a possibility into reality, it＇ s need a mature and sound operating mechanism of the university; University school features is a systemic concept, it is the result of a variety of factors, we must see its resulting complexity.