现代西方学术职业的特点及启示

Evolution of Western Academic Career and Its Enlightenment

西方学术职业的变迁主要经历了中世纪的形成、近代的发展及其现代的转型三个时期。其演变的过程中所形成的学术职业价值理念,即"以学术为生"和"在学术上追求卓越",已成为西方大学教师学术职业的灵魂和指导大学教师建构自身学术职业生涯的根本原则。西方大学教师学术职业发展的规律性、经验及所面临的挑战,对我国大学教师学术职业的发展具有重要的学习和借鉴意义。

Academic Profession in western university has undergone three periods of major changes, that is the formation of the Middle Ages, the development of the Modern Ages and the modern transformation of the Modern Ages, and showed their different characteristics and patterns in the evolution. ＂The Academic Living＂ and ＂Academic Excellence＂ has become the soul of academic profession in western university and the guidance for teachers to construct their own academic career which is the valuable idea of academic profession reformed in the process of the evolution. The laws, experiences and challenges of academic profession development in western university have important meanings to study and use for reference in our country.