城市快速路系统OD矩阵推算技术研究

OD Matrix Estimation for Urban Expressway

城市快速路OD信息是进行快速路交通运营、建设绩效分析的基础,采取恰当方法推算快速路OD矩阵可以减少直接询问OD信息的工作量、避免道路拥堵及其所造成OD信息受到扰动.本文提出了基于进出匝道交通量和部分路段交通量,以快速路单方向一对相邻进出匝道划分交通小区,应用重力模型与双约束Frator法建立高质量先验OD矩阵,借助TransCAD交通规划软件中的矩阵反推模块进行矩阵推算,多角度检验OD矩阵推算效果的系统方法,并在广州市内环路快速路系统上进行了实例验证.结果显示,应用本文方法设定先验OD矩阵与推算OD矩阵后,拟合的路段及进出匝道上的分配交通量误差、平均出行距离与日周转量误差均较小.表明推算OD矩阵具有较高的准确性和可靠性,该方法是适用于快速路交通流分析的一种简便可靠的方法.

OD information of urban expressway is the basis of analyzing the traffic operation and performance. A proper OD estimation method is capable of reducing the traffic surveys pressure and avoid traffic jams during survey and unreal OD information. This paper proposed a systematic method of OD estimation including traffic zone division in the form of the entrance and exit ramps of one direction on expressway, and established the seed OD matrix of high quality using the Gravity and Frator method. It estimated the OD matrix in the OD estimation module in TransCAD software, which was applied in the Inner Ring Road in Guangzhou city. The results showed that the relative errors of the traffic volumes on the links and ramps, the average trip distance and the traffic mileage are small with the seed OD matrix calculation and OD matrix estimation, which manifests that the estimated OD matrix is accurate and reliable and the proposed method is appropriate for the urban expressway traffic analysis.