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药品专利保护悖论研究综述:从公地悲剧到反公地悲剧 被引量:1

The Literature Review on Game Analysis about Patent Protection for Pharmaceuticals——From "Tragedy of the Commons" to "Tragedy of the Anti-commons"
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摘要 从有关药品专利保护的"公地悲剧"和"反公地悲剧"的文献中,可以梳理出药品专利制度变迁的内在逻辑和基本矛盾。专利制度通过赋予专利权人对其专利药品的垄断权,使得产权主体地位得以明晰,维护了药物研发创新的积极性,从而避免了"公地悲剧"。但目前医药产业"专利丛林"现象,极易造成专利成果利用不足和上游基础研究被闲置的"反公地悲剧";通过实施强制许可和建立专利联盟可以在一定程度上克服这一问题,但更为积极的思路在于进一步研究和探讨最优的药品专利保护制度。 The aim of this paper is to obtain the inherent logic and fundamental conflicts of tragedy of the commons and tragedy of the anti-commons for pharmaceutical patent protection through literature review. The patent regime bestows monopoly right on inventor in order to highlight the status of inventor and maintains the enthusiasm for pharmaceutical R&D and innovation. Therefore tragedy of commons is avoided. Patent thickets in the pharmaceutical industry are prone to the tragedy of anti-commons, that is, the inefficiency of patents and idle of upstream invention results. To some extent, compulsory license and patent alliance are popular measures to avoid the tragedy of anti-commons. However the in-depth exploration on the optimal patent protection for pharmaceuticals is most effective measure.
作者 姚颉靖 彭辉
出处 《西部论坛》 2010年第2期26-31,共6页 West Forum
基金 上海市社科规划青年课题项目(2006EZH002)"人权视野下的公共健康危机与WTO知识产权保护的协调--以后多哈时代的TRIPS协议为中心"
关键词 公地悲剧 药品专利保护 专利丛林 反公地悲剧 tragedy of the commons patent protection for pharmaceuticals patent thickets tragedy of the anti-commons
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参考文献30

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