约束条件下中国农业生产要素配置均衡的演变与突破

The Evolution and Breakthrough of the Allocation Equilibrium of China's Agriculture Production Elements Under Constraint Conditions:From the Perspective of Peasants

从集体化时期以劳动力使用低效化、土地资本要素使用政府指令化为特征,演变到现在以劳动力兼业化、土地细碎分散化、资本投入有限性为特征,中国农业生产要素配置均衡状态得到了优化;农业经济运行机制中,生产要素配置基本手段从以计划为主向以市场为主的过渡是配置优化的关键。但现有农业生产要素配置均衡状态仍存在矛盾和冲突;而突破现有均衡状态的关键,在于通过提高农村基础和职业教育保障水平、完善农村社会保障体系、强化农村土地承包权的物权属性等促进农村土地更大范围的流转,以打破兼业化的劳动力要素配置模式。

Through the comparatively analyzing from the allocation of China＇ s agricultural production elements in the collectivization period which characterized by inefficient use of labor and land, capital controlled by government, evolving into the current era characterized by part-time peasants, crushed land and limited capital, to indicate that the key of optimizing resources is the transition from taking the planning to the marketing as the basic configuration of elements. The first and most important step to break the existing equilibrium lies in the breakthrough of the part-time job model of labor factor configuration through strengthening the level of rural basic and professional education, improving the rural social security system, making clear of the right possession of contracted rural land, promoting the transfer of rural land to break the factor allocation model of part-time labor.