劳动异化与消费异化——马克思与马尔库塞关于人的异化理论比较

Labor Alienation and Consumer Alienation——A Comparison of Marx and Marcuse's View on People's Alienation

马克思与马尔库塞都很关注人的本质、人的异化以及人类的解放。马克思从对劳动的分析入手,认为人的本质是自由的有意识的活动,提出通过社会革命、改变生产方式来克服人的异化,达到人类的自由与解放。马尔库塞认为爱欲是人的本质,但资本主义社会却利用技术理性使人们仅仅满足于虚假需要,出现了消费异化。他主张通过艺术和审美形式来实现人类解放,但由于缺乏现实依据,不免陷入乌托邦的境地。

Marx and Marcuse concern about human nature, alienation, and liberation. Based on analysisl, Marx believes that human nature is the activity that human acts with free will and consciousness. He proposed to set free all the humans by overcoming alienation with social reform and the change of productive methods. Marcuse believes that love and desire is human nature. Consumer alienation comes into being because capitalism makes use of technolo- gy to meet people＇s superficial desire. He proposed to set free people with art and aesthetic, whose theory is Utopia lack of realistic reference.