试析清代西藏摄政官职的缘起

The Origin of the Tibetan Regents in Qing Dynasty

本文针对清代西藏摄政官职的由来问题进行了专门的研究和论述。第巴、噶伦、摄政官职是清代西藏历史发展不同阶段出现的产物。摄政的本质属性是代表达赖掌地方政教大权,1757年七世达赖圆寂始设摄政。若将第巴、噶伦看做是代替达赖掌地方政教大权摄政,则将黄教政教合一体制提前到始于五世达赖时期。事实上,清初,清朝实行的是政教分离制度。

This paper studies the origin of the Tibetan regents in Qing Dynasty. Sde-pa, Galoins and other regents were the titles belonging to the different stages of Tibetan history. Starting from the Parinirvana of Dalai Lama Ⅶ in 1757, 'regent' itself represented Dalai's religious and political power on the local affairs. If sde-pa and galoins were regarded as the representatives of Dalai holding religious and political power, then the integration of politics and religion of Yellow Sect could be dated back to the period of Dalai Lama V. In fact, Qing Dynasty was ruled by the system of separation of religion from state.