腰椎后部韧带结构生物力学实验研究与临床意义

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BIOMECHANICS AND CLINANICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE POSTERIOR LIGAMENT STRUCTURE OF THE LUMBER SPINE

目的：通过生物力学测定了解腰椎后部韧带结构对腰椎稳定性的影响。方法：本文采用5具正常青年人新鲜腰椎标本，去除肌肉，保留韧带，经逐步处理分为三组。A组：正常组；B组：切除棘上韧带组；C组：切除棘上、棘间韧带组。以生物力学方法研究后部韧带结构切除后腰椎稳定性的变化。结果：切除棘上韧带、棘间韧带，对腰椎压缩强度、轴向刚度、总体稳定性、总体刚度、弯曲刚度、水平位移、倾角、扭转强刚度有显著影响。强刚度明显下降，出现严重腰椎不稳。上述八个力学量指标与正常对照组比较均具有显著性差异（P＜0．01）。结论：腰椎后部棘上韧带、棘间韧带对于维持腰椎稳定起着十分重要的作用，如损伤将明显影响腰椎稳定性。

Objective: To understand the effect of the posterior ligament structure of lumbar spine on its stability by means of biomechanlcal measure. Method : Five speclmens of lumbar spine segment of fresh normal young adult cadavers were used in this test. The specimens having muscles removed and ligaments preserved were dealt in succession and divided corresponeling into three groups, i.e., Group A(normal lumbar spine), Group B(resectlon of the supraspinous ligament) and Group C(resection of the supraspinous and interspinous ligament). Biomechanical study was made on the changes in stability of lumbar spine after resection of the posterior ligament structure. Results :Resection of the supraspinous and interspinous ligament has significant effect on contraction strength, axial stiffness, total stability and stiffness, bending stiffness, horizontal displacement, obligue angle, torsional strength and stiffness. The strength and stiffness decreased significantly and severe instability of lumber spine appeared. There was significant differences between the above eight mechanical indices of control group and that of experimental groups (P<0.01). Conclusion: The supraspinous ligament and interspinous ligament of the lumbar spine are important in stabllizing the lumbar spine, when they are damaged stability of lumbar spine would be affected obviously.