我国森林生态效益的持续补偿问题

Sustainable Compensation in China's Forest Ecological Benefits

阻碍我国森林生态效益持续补偿的主要问题分为3个方面。政府政策干预方面的不足表现为:资金投入不足;补偿标准过于单一;地区和部门之间的协调机制不够健全;缺乏法律化、制度化。市场机制方面的障碍:在供给方面,森林经营者的环境意识较差,供给意愿不强,供给能力低,政府有寻租行为;在需求方面,环境意识淡薄,支付能力过低,缺少受益者参与机制,免费搭车等等。在社会支持途径方面:公众的环境意识淡薄;法律制度不健全,公众参与和维权缺乏保障。建议在我国森林生态效益持续补偿中应坚持公共财政支付和市场补偿机制相结合、保护性政策和扶持鼓励性政策相结合、传统产业和多种经营相结合的原则。

There are three main obstacles of sustainable compensation of Chinese forest ecological benefits. The first obsta- cle is in governmental policy intervention. Funds for forest ecological compensation are insufficient and the current compensation standards are not diversified. The coordination system among regions and departments are incomplete. Ecological compensation lacks legislation and institution. The second obstacle is in market system. For supply, forest managers have weak environmental sense and supply will. They also have low supply capability. Governments have rent- seeking behavior. For demand, there are weak environmental sense and low payment capability. There are short of beneficiary participation mechanism and free rider problem. The third obstacle is in social support path. The public has weak environmental sense. Law system is incomplete and the public participation and protection of right can not be fully guaranteed. The article suggested that sustainable compensation in China＇s forest ecological benefits should take the principles of combining the public fiscal payment with market compensation mechanism, combining protection policy with support and encouragement policy and combining the traditional industry with management of various kinds of industries.