南京市幕府山群落物种多样性的初步研究

Preliminary study on the communities and species diversity of the Mufu Mountain,Nanjing

白云石矿是南京幕府山重要的采石矿场.出于生态城市建设和对古代文化遗产以及地质遗产保护的考虑,南京市政府于1998年决定停止开发采石矿场.经过11年的努力,幕府山生态恢复工程已初步完成.为了评估生态恢复的状况及促进幕府山的生态建设,于2009年5月6日-7日在幕府山进行了群落物种多样性的调查研究,分别选取5个具有代表性的点,每个点划定3个5 m×5 m的样方.结果发现:植物群落结构正逐渐走向复杂,目前群落结构的演替处在一个初级阶段.林相草本植物相对乔灌木则较为丰富,外来入侵种喜旱莲子草已成为草本植物的优势种.人工造林中,栽植的植物种类较为单一,部分植物的种植密度过大,且木本层植物树龄较小.建议南京幕府山的生态恢复还应从生物多样性方面考虑,丰富植物种类,合理配置植物的种植密度,形成生态环境的良性循环.

The Dolomite Quarry was an important quarry located on the Mufu Mountain, Nanjing. According to the urban ecological construction and the conservation of ancient culture legacy and geological relics, the government of Nanjing decided to stop the quarry production and develop ecological restoration in 1998. During the past 11 years, the restoration project has been basically completed. In order to evaluate the situation of ecological restoration and to promote the ecological construction of the Mufu Mountain, we carried out an investigation of the plant communities and species on Nanjing Mufu Mountain on May 6th and 7th, 2009. Five spots were chosen and three quadrats （5 m×5 m） were investigated in each spot. The results showed that the plant community structure had been restored gradually,and its succession was at a primary stage. Herb was more abundant than tree and shrub. An alien invasive species, Alternanthera philoxeroides has become the herbaceous dominant species. In the woody layer of the artificial forest, the plant species diversity was monotonous, the tree-planting of some plants was more crowded,and the trees were young. We suggested that the communities and species diversity should be taken into account in the ecological restoration of Mufu Mountain. The plant species should be enriched, and the density of some plants should be reasonable, so that the ecological environment would be in a positive cycle.