城市化对上海市区域降水的影响

Influence of Urbanization on Regional Precipitation in Shanghai City

随着城市化进程加快,城市局地气候特征发生改变,降水的变化尤为显著。采用同时期不同站横向对比,不同时期同站纵向对比的方法对上海市城区及郊区代表雨量站1979～2007年降水时间序列进行研究,分析表明城区的年降雨量、汛期降雨量、主汛期降雨量、月降雨量等均存在较明显的增雨效应,且降雨在年内的分配有向主汛期集中的趋势,城区的梅雨及台风雨增雨明显,城市化对不同类型降雨的影响随降水量级的升高而逐渐显著。城市化使城区的强对流及灾害性天气增多,防洪排涝压力增大,在进行城市规划时应充分予以考虑。

With the accelerated process of urbanization,some characteristics of climate in shanghai has changed,the precipitation change is particularly significant.Study on the annual rainfall time series（1979-2007） at the rural and urban precipitation representative stations by means of comparing different stations with same periods and different periods with the same station,it can be concluded that there is a significant pronounced effect on urban＇s annual precipitation,flood season precipitation,main flood season precipitation and monthly precipitation.Also,the distribution of annual rainfall is tend to focusing on the main flood season,and precipitation in the plum rains and typhoon rains increases obviously,urbanization influence on different types of rainfall is gradually obvious with the level of rainfall precipitation.Urbanization of the city has caused increase of the strong convective weather and pressure of flood control drainage,which should be paid attention to in city planning.