地震保险法律制度基本问题研究

A Study of Earthquake Insurance Legal System

地震危险具有损害的巨大性、发生频率和平均损害额的不可预测性、逆选择发生的可能性三大特点。地震保险在创设当初是不符合保险特征的险种,但随着支付限度额、承保方式的改变等,正在逐步地接近真正的保险。地震保险是以与保险标的物相关的被保险人的所有利益为保险利益的损害保险,以被保险人的积极财产为保险利益,将地震保险的保险利益定义为物利益是妥当的。地震的强制保险化可以提高地震保险的普及率;消除地震保险的地域性及时间上的逆选择;在现有基础上降低地震保险费。关于地震免责条款的效力存在有效说和无效说两种不同的意见,有效说以对受灾的被保险人的救济为目的,而无效说则是拥护损害保险公司的利益。

Earthquake risk has three characteristics which are the enormous damage, the unpredictability of frequency and average amount of damages, and the possibility of adverse selection occurring. The beginning of creating the original earthquake insurance did not conform to the characteristics of insurance, but with the changing of the payment limitation and insurance methods, it has been gradually close to the true insurance. Earth- quake insurance is based on all the relevant benefits of the insured person. It is appropriate to define the earth- quake benefits as subject benefits since the insured person＇ s positive property should be considered as benefits of insurance. Compulsory earthquake insurance can increase the earthquake insurance popularity rate, eliminate the affection of regional and time adverse selection, and reduce premiums of earthquake than before. There exist two kinds of views about earthquake escape clauses - valid and invalid. Valid is to give relief to the insured person and invalid is to support the damage of insurance company＇s interest.