范仲淹在宋夏战争中的民族政策

A Brief Analysis on the National Policy of Fan Zhongyan in the War between Song and Xia

范仲淹曾在北宋庆历年间担任庆州知州,主持西北军务。此地多民族杂居的状况,使得能否正确处理各民族关系成为关乎宋夏战争胜负的关键因素。范仲淹上任后认真分析了这种错综复杂的民族关系,并在实践中逐渐形成了一套独特的民族政策。他对待诸羌恩威并施、安抚笼络,并对其中的熟户、生户,采取不同对策以争取民心。这些举措取得了显著成效,使当地民族关系逐渐走向缓和,羌民为宋所用,巩固了宋代边防,扭转了宋夏战争态势。

During the Qingli period in Beisong Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan had taken the post of the senior offi- cial in Qingzhou, and administered the military affairs in the Northwest. The complex conditions of multi-ethnic mixed in Qingzou area, which made whether can handle the relationship correctly of all the ethnic groups to be a key factor in the war between Song and Xia. After taking office, Fan Zhongyan analysed carefully about the com- plicated ethnic relation in the local area, and formed his own unique policies to deal with ethnic relation in practice. He shew a style of merciful but strict attitude to appeased and tamed the people of the ethnic group called ＂Qiang＂, and akopted different countermeasures with the familiar and unfamiliar household （a popular di- vision method among the ＂Qiang＂ people who lived near the border area） to win the heart of them. Those mea- sures got evident effect, which made the folk relationship there more and more relaxative, thus the ＂Qiang＂ ethnic people was made used of by the Song Dynasty which reinforced the border defense and reversed the trend of the war that happend between Song and Xia then.