自体回移肌卫星细胞对慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征致骨骼肌损伤后的修复作用

The regeneration of autograft muscle satellite cells in skeletal muscle with chronic compartment syndrome

目的探讨自体回移成年兔肌卫星细胞对慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征所致的骨骼肌损伤后的修复作用。方法24只新西兰大白兔随机分为模型移植组、模型对照组和移植对照组，每组8只。模型移植组和模型对照组建立慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征模型，模型移植组造模后移植肌卫星细胞；移植对照组不建模，仅移植肌卫星细胞。体外分离模型移植组和移植对照组比目鱼肌来源的肌卫星细胞，经体外一定程度扩增和鉴定，用DAPI标记后回移到原比目鱼肌，观察移植后肌卫星细胞在体内的自我增殖和分化情况。并采用HE染色观察移植前、后模型移植组受损肌肉的形态学变化。结果回移相同数量的肌卫星细胞后第28天，模型移植组的肌卫星细胞数量显著增多，而移植对照组无明显变化。从病理切片看到，慢性压迫结束即刻，无论移植对照组或模型对照组，其压迫侧比目鱼肌的病理切片均显示较大面积的肌纤维坏死、间质纤维坏死、少量炎症细胞浸润；移植对照组的骨骼肌形态正常。肌卫星细胞自体移植后第28天，病理切片显示模型移植组的受损组织已明显修复，只见少量纤维化；模型对照组无明显改变，纤维化已稳定；移植对照组的骨骼肌形态正常。结论慢性骨筋膜间隔综合征异常增高的压力解除后，肌卫星细胞体外一定程度扩增后自体回移，能提高受损骨骼肌的修复能力。

Objective To investigate the regenerating effect of muscle satellite cells autografted onto muscles injured by chronic compartment syndrome （CCS）. Methods Twenty-four adult rabbits were randomly divided into an experimental group （model-transplantation） , a non-graft group （model） and a control group （transplantation）. The CCS model was established in the experimental and non-graft groups. Transplantation was done in the experimental and control groups. Satellite cells from the experimental and control group rabbits were isolated and then proliferated in vitro. The specific protein was identified by immnochemistry before engrafting. Then the 4＇ ,6-diamidi- no-2-phenylindole-tagged satellite cells were transplanted back to the original soleus muscles. After transplantation, the proliferation and differentiation of the satellite cells in vivo was observed and morphological changes at the site of the injury were compared by HE staining. Results At the 28th day after grafting, the satellite cells from the compressed soleus muscles in the experimental group had increased significantly, whereas those in the control group had remained the same. In both the graft group and the non-graft group, HE staining showed a large cluster of myofibers and interstitial fibers necrosed in the compressed muscle, while the skeletal muscle fibers and interstitial fibers were intact in the control group. At the 28th day after engrafting, the engrafted muscle showed much repair; but the non-engrafted muscle demonstrated dominant fibrosis. The morphology of the skeletal muscle in the control group was normal. Conclusions Autografting of muscle satellite cells after a small amount of expansion in vitro could improve their regeneration efficiency for repairing a large cluster of damaged myofibers caused by chronic compartment syndrome.