6省农村小学五年级学生健康教育现状调查

Investigation on health education status of the students of primary 5 in rural areas of 6 provinces in China

目的了解我国6省农村小学五年级学生进行健康教育现状与需求,为指导农村学校健康教育工作提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,抽取全国6省农村72所小学的五年级学生进行健康教育现状调查。结果农村小学五年级学生健康教育开课率为84.8%,健康教育课在期末有考核与评价的占52.0%。健康知识和传染病知识知晓率分别为57.3%和67.8%,健康行为形成率为61.2%。影响农村小学五年级学生健康知识、传染病知识、健康行为最主要的因素是"是否上健康教育课"和"健康教育课期末是否考试";此外,经济水平是影响传染病知识知晓率的主要因素,性别是影响健康行为形成率的主要因素。结论农村小学五年级学生健康知识知晓率和健康行为形成率有待提高。加强健康教育课的落实可以提高学生的健康知识水平,但改变行为则与社会因素有关,需要采取更有针对性的、有效的干预措施。

Objective To investigate the health education status of the students of primary 5 in rural areas of 6 provinces, and to provide basis for school health education in rural areas. Methods Using multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling, a questionnaire survey was conducted among the students of primary 5 at 72 primary schools in rural areas of 6 provinces to collect the status of health education. Results The rate of health education course offenng was 84. 8%. The rate of schools that had examination and evaluation to health education courses was 52. 0%. The awareness rates of health knowledge and infectious diseases were 57. 3% and 67. 8%, respectively, and the forming rate of health behavior was 61.2%. The main influencing factors of health knowledge, infectious knowledge and health behaviors about the students of primary 5 in rural areas were ＂whether offering health education course or not＂ and ＂whether giving final examination or not＂. Besides, the economic level was the main influencing factor of infectious diseases and the gender was the main influencing factor of health behaviors. Conclusion The rates of health knowledge and behavior about the students of primary 5 in rural areas need to be enhanced further. Implementing health education course can improve the students＇ health knowledge level, and more pertinent and effective intervening measures should be adopted to change behaviors.