大型公共建筑风险特性分析

Risk Characteristics Analysis for Large-scale Public Buildings

运用系统科学的思想和方法,将大型公共建筑作为一个系统,其风险由可靠性风险、安全性风险和可持续发展性风险共同构成。三者同时存在,共同作用。可靠性风险导致系统可靠性不足;安全性风险源于系统可靠性不足和安全性风险源;可持续发展性风险是可靠性和安全性风险在环境、社会系统中的长期体现。大型公共建筑的风险具有来源众多、关系复杂、不确定性高、影响巨大的特点。通过建立风险空间模型,用空间向量对风险状态进行描述,提出了风险安全空间的概念。风险的函数关系证明:降低大型公共建筑风险的关键在于提高系统可靠性。

A large-scale public building is considered as a system from the view of system science. The risks of a large-scale public building consist of reliability risk, security risk and sustainable development risk. Reliability risk leads to the system reliability insufficiency. Security risk originates from system reliability insufficiency and security risk source. Sustainable development risk is a reflection of reliability risk and security risk in the environment and social system. The risk characteristics of a large-scale public building are numerous sources, complicated relations, highly uncertainty and huge impact. This paper presented the concept of risk security space which uses a space vector to describe the risk state by a risk state model. The functional relation of risk proves the key to reduce the risks of a large-scale public building relies on the improvement of system reliability.