云南省华山松疱锈病病原研究

Studies on Armandii Pine Blister Rust in Yunnan

宏观、微观性状观察和超微结构研究，证实云南省华山松疱锈病病原菌如前人所报道，是茶生柱锈菌（CronartiumribicolaFischer）．其5种类型的孢子形态和大小与东北红松疱锈病病原和四川华山松疱锈病病原基本一致．但扫描电镜下，其锈孢子、夏孢子表面纹饰与二者有别．人工交互接种已确认在云南省洱源县和东川市两大华山松疱锈病区，病原菌的转主寄主是冰川茶子，病原菌属茶生技锈菌的茶子专化型(Cronartiumribicolaf．sp．ribicoal）．四川的转主狭萼茶子在云南不能感病，与冰川茶子同在洱源县华山松林下和林缘生长的尖叶茶子也不感病．华山松疱锈菌转主寄主在云南的确定和其专化性的差异，属首次报道．锈孢子生物学特性研究得知，成熟锈孢子的萌发率较未成熟锈孢子高2～3倍，但总的萌发率偏低，一般不超过10％．4～36℃锈孢子均可萌发，最适温度20℃左右，芽管在20～28℃生长较好；相对湿度＞35％孢子才能萌发，又以90％～100％RH萌发率为高；光暗交替有利于萌发；营养条件的作用不明显，但对芽管伸长生长影响较大，又以茶子没汁最为有利．

in this paper, studies on armandii pine (Hua shan pine) blister rust inYunnan are reported. The morphology of the rust is basically the same as Cronartiumribicola from Sichuan and North--east of China. But some significant diffrereces are observed in the super microstructures of the aeciospores and urediospores: the number ofthe annulate on the verrucose is 5～7, which is 4～5 in Sichuan and 7～8 inLiaoning. Artificial innoculation experiments verified that, in Yannan, the alternativehost of the rust is Ribes glacial and the rust didn't infect Ribes glacial var. lacinia tum (the alternative host of C. ribicola in Sichuan). According to studies on themorphology and alternative host of the parasite, it is thought that the rust of Yunnanis C. ribicola f. sp. ribicola and the varied enviroments cause the rust to differ from oth er five-needle blister rusts in super microstructures. The experiments of aeciospore germi nation showed that: (1)Aeciopores started to germinate at an optium of 20℃ and over arange of 4～36℃. (2) Aeciopres could germinate when the humidity was over 35% RHand the optium humidity was 100% RH. (3) Aeciospores germinated best under naturalcondition of alternative ligh and darkness. (4) About 90% aeciospores couldn't germin ate in the lab condition and the germination reached its peak in the first 24 hours.