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胰腺损伤的诊断及处理(综述)

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摘要 在腹部脏器损伤中胰腺损伤约占腹部外伤的2%,其中横断伤多于钝性伤,胰腺为腹膜后位器官,其损伤必然殃及附近器官及大血管,其致命原因一是大血管出血,二是并发腹腔内脓毒血症,但因其症状缺乏特异性,伤势复杂且多伴有多发伤,术前诊断及手术处理仍存在一定困难,死亡率高达9%~12%。凡上腹部外伤后出现上腹痛伴下列征象时应立即想到胰腺损伤的可能:(1)伴剧烈的腰背部疼痛;(2)早期血淀粉酶明显高于正常,血淀粉酶升高对诊断胰腺损伤有一定的帮助;(3)腹腔穿刺液淀粉酶明显增高;(4)上腹部CT平扫:示胰腺体积增大轮廓不完整或伴胰周积血积液。当想到有胰腺损伤可能时,剖腹探查指征宜放宽。其治疗首先应予禁食、胃肠减压、补液、纠正水电解质及酸碱失衡及积极抗休克。腹外伤所致的胰腺损伤的处理原则是止血、清创、充分引流、保存胰腺功能,并根据损伤的程度采取不同的方法。
作者 孙勃
出处 《中国城乡企业卫生》 2010年第2期29-32,共4页 Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene
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