317例胎婴儿先天性畸形病理解剖分析

The Analysis of 317 Fetal and Infantile Autopsies with Malformation

目的研究胎婴儿先天性畸形的发病情况，探讨畸形儿死亡原因。方法回顾分析１９７０～１９９７年８５１例胎婴儿病理解剖材料和临床资料。结果３１７例胎婴儿患有先天性畸形。尸检畸形检出率为３７．３％，畸形儿男女比例为１∶０．８１。单发畸形占４７．９％、多发畸形占５２．１％。心血管系统畸形所占比例最高，其次为泌尿生殖系统、呼吸系统、神经系统及免疫系统。结论胎婴儿主要死亡原因为致死性畸形、感染和缺氧。九十年代与七、八十年代相比，因感染死亡数明显下降，因缺氧死亡比例增加。

Objective To investigate the incidence of congenital malformation and major causes of death in fetus and infants.Methods The clinical and autoptical files of 851 cases in the years between 1970 and 1997 were studied.Results 317 cases had congenital malformations, the incidence being 37.3%. The proportion of the male to female was 1 to 0.81. The rate of unitory malformation was 47.9%, while that of multiple ones was 52.1%. The highest incidence was the malformation in the cardiovascular system, and followed by the malformations in urinary and genetic, respiratory, neural and immune systems.Conclusions The main causes of mortality in fetus and infants are fatal malformation, infection and anoxia. In 90s, compared with 70s and 80s the death rate caused by infection was decreased, while the rate of anoxia was increased and that of malformation unchanged.