水痘突发公共卫生事件及其突破病例流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological analysis on public health emergencies of varicella outbreak and break-through cases

目的分析水痘突发公共卫生事件及其突破病例的特征,为水痘防控提供基本依据。方法以2007年北京市报告的水痘突发事件为基础,应用描述流行病学方法对水痘突发疫情及突破病例进行分析。结果11起水痘突发公共卫生事件中,以小学校为发生主体占90.9%,发生时间主要集中在春秋季开学后期间;一年级新生是发病的主要人群,占55.6%,并随年级的升高发病数减少;有免疫史的突破病例占46.7%,其中接种时间在3年以上者占85.5%。结论应将小学校作为水痘突发事件的防控重点领域,做好传染病防控综合措施,一年级新入学儿童入学前可考虑接种水痘疫苗,发生疫情应急接种范围可扩大至接种水痘疫苗超过3年者,同时深入开展水痘疫苗免疫程序和疫苗免疫效果追踪的探索研究工作。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella outbreaks and break-through cases in Beijing and provide evidence for varicella prevention and control.Methods Descriptive epidemiology method was used to analyze the data of varicella outbreaks and break-through cases in 2007.Results Among 11 varicella outbreaks reported,most occurred in primary schools（90.9%）.The outbreaks were mainly reported in April and Autumn when a new school term started and the first grade students were affected mostly,accounting for 55.6%.As the grade became higher,the case number decreased.The break-through cases with vaccination history accounted for 46.7%（85.5% of them with vaccination history for3 years）.Conclusion Primary schools are the priority places for varecilla outbreak prevention and control,Varceilla vaccination may be considered among the first grade students and when outbreak occur the vaccination should be expanded to those with vaccination history for3 years.The further study on varceilla vaccination schedule and on follow up of vaccination effects should be conducted.