我国烟草产业行政垄断的社会成本估算

The Social Cost Estimation of Administrative Monopoly in China's Tobacco Industry

烟草产业行政垄断造成巨大的社会成本，其中行业管理部门对烟草制品的限产限价不仅导致生产过剩，而且所导致的无谓损失远大于垄断条件下单纯限制产量的无谓损失；不通过市场交换的投入要素是导致我国烟草产业×一低效率最重要的原因之一；行政垄断下烟草产业的高额垄断利润导致非生产性寻租。通过估算，1998-2008年中国烟草产业行政垄断所造成的社会总成本在15126．39亿元至26818．6亿元之间，占GDP的0．867％-1．54％。

The administrative monopoly in China＇s tobacco industry has brought enormous social cost. The limits on production and pricing of tobacco products imposed by industrial authorities not only lead to overproduction, but also deadweight loss much greater than that caused by pure output restrictions under conditions of monopoly. The input element not through market exchange is one of the most important reasons for X-inefficiency of China＇s tobacco industry; the high monopoly profits under the administrative monopoly inevitably lead to unproductive rent-seeking. It is estimated that the total social cost caused by administrative monopoly in China＇s tobacco industry from 1998 to 2008 is around 1.512639 trillion to 2.68186 trillion, accounting for 0.867%-1.54% of GDP.