碳酸盐岩风化成土过程中的微生物作用

Microbial Roles in the Genesis of Soil from Carbonate Rock Weathering

碳酸盐岩风化作用长期受到广泛关注,有关其成土的物源也一直是颇有争议的问题。基于前人有关碳酸盐岩风化成土作用的研究基础和对有关资料的调研与分析,结合各类研究成果,笔者提出了喀斯特地区岩石微生物的风化成土作用途径:微生物生长对矿物养料的吸收,以及分泌的代谢产物导致碳酸盐岩的破坏分解和一些次生矿物的形成;一些岩石微生物能够通过新陈代谢固定大气中的碳素和氮素,截留由雨水、风尘、大气气溶胶甚至空气流动所带来的土壤颗粒等外来物质。微生物在岩石表面与缝隙中的生长繁殖在碳酸盐岩风化成土这一漫长的地质演化过程中发挥了不可替代的重要作用。

Carbonate rock weathering has received closely attention of scientists for a long time since the material origin of soils in Karst areas is still being disputed with no many agreements.Summarized previous studies about soil genesis from weathering of carbonate rocks as well as our own research progress we proposed that weathering of carbonate rock by rock microbe is an important way to form Karst soil.Microorganisms living in carbonate rocks need to uptake nutrients from the rock and to release complicated organic ligands into the rock,these processes will accelerate decomposition of the rocks;microorganisms can fix C and N from atmosphere and capture other exotic matters,like rain water,aerosol,dust and even soil particles,to provide origin materials of soil.In other words,the rock microorganisms play an important and un-substitute role in the formation of Karst soil from carbonate rock weathering during the long history of geological evolution.