我国煤电价格水平、交易方式及其相关决定因素

Chinese Coal-electricity Prices,Dealing Way and Their Deceive Factors

对中国和美国煤炭与电力价格水平与结构及其决定因素的比较分析发现:中国煤炭价格过高,电力价格过低,单位发电量电煤成本、单位发电量电煤成本占上网电价或销售电价比重,中国都是美国的2～3倍,中国煤炭价格扭曲问题较为严重,在对资源的所有权、环境和安全补偿尚存不足的情况下,就已达到美国的1～3倍;煤炭运输瓶颈和中间环节及其他不当收费较多导致中国煤炭成本偏高;畸形市场准入和资源整合政策制约了煤炭供给;偏向工业特别是重工业的产业结构和严重依赖煤炭发电的电源结构不断拉升电煤和电力的市场需求;长期合同交易机制的缺乏和不合理的定价机制也是导致中国煤电关系紧张的重要因素。理顺中国煤电关系需要从上述根本原因入手设计有效的政策。

This paper compares the prices and structure of coal and electricity, as well as their decisive factors in Uhired States and China, and finds that coal prices are too high, and the electricity prices are too low in China; the unit coal costs or the ratio of the cost of steam coal for electricity generation to the electricity generation and sale price in China are 2-3 times of that of United States, which lead to the Coal-electricity relationships disharmonious. There are some serious distortions in coal prices, the coal prices in China are 1-3 times of theirs in United States＇ at the circumstances of the costs of coal property, environment, and safely production are so low; The bottleneck of transportation and other intermediate processes and their inappropriate and heavy charges lead to the coal costs are so high, The inappropriate entry conditions and the integration and disintegration policies restrict the coal supply; The heavy industry structure and so much relying on coal generating electricity pulling the great demand of the steam coal for electricity generation and electricity; The mechanism deficiency of long term trading contract and unsuitable pricing mechanisms are also important factors affecting the strained Coal-electricity relationships in China. Rationalizing the coal-electricity relationships needs to design effective policies focusing on the above fundamental reasons.