西安市市售叶类蔬菜有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留情况分析

Investigation of Organochlorine and Pyrethroid Pesticides Residues in Leafy Vegetables on Sale in Xi’an

目的了解西安市市售叶类蔬菜有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留情况。方法 2007—2008年分4个季度分别在西安市的5个大型蔬菜批发市场和5家大型超市采集8种市售叶类蔬菜,用气相色谱法对蔬菜的15种农药进行检测,依据GB2763—2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》对检测结果评定。结果样品农药检出率为9.8%(465/4725),农药超标率为1.2%(57/4725),其中4个季度蔬菜的农药检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=45.52,P<0.05),但超标率差异无统计学意义(χ2=20.01,P>0.05),在市场和超市采集的蔬菜的农药检出率(χ2=8.56,P>0.05)和超标率(χ2=7.98,P>0.05)差异无统计学意义,有机氯类农药的检出率(χ2=23.53,P<0.05)和超标率(χ2=19.76,P<0.05)均高于拟除虫菊酯类农药,不同种蔬菜的农药检出率(χ2=114,P<0.05)和超标率(χ2=44,P<0.05)差异有统计学意义,其中韭菜、芹菜的农药检出率和超标率相对较高。结论大部分西安市市售叶类蔬菜的有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留符合GB2763—2005标准要求。

Objective To investigate the organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide residue in leafy vegetables on sale in Xi＇an and to assess the safety of the leafy vegetables. Methods Eight kinds of leafy vegetables samples were collected at five wholesale markets and five supermarkets in Xi＇an from 2007 to 2008. The content of 15 kinds of pesticides residues were analyzed by GC method and the evaluation was made according to GB 2763--2005. Results The rate of detection for the pesticides was 9.8% （465/4 725 ）and the disqualified rate was 1.2% （57/4 725）.There was a significant seasonal difference in the detection rate of pesticides （P〈0.05）and no significant difference was seen in disqualified rate. No significant difference was observed in the detection rate and disqualified rate of pesticides between wholesale markets and supermarkets. The detection rate and disqualified rate of organochlorine pesticides were higher than those of pyrethroid pesticides. The detection rate and disqualified rate of pesticides in celery and leek were higher than those of the other kinds of vegetables. Conclusion The levels of organochlorines and pyrethroid pesticide residues in most leafy vegetables on sale in Xi＇ an are considered safe according to GB 2763--2005.