肺结核患者医院感染情况及相关因素调查分析及对策

Investigative analysis and preventive measures of hospital infection in tuberculosis patients

目的了解肺结核患者医院感染情况及其相关因素,探讨预防和控制肺结核患者医院感染的有效措施。方法对本院2007年11月-2008年11月收治的1362例肺结核患者进行回顾性调查,了解患者住院期间发生医院感染率、感染的部位、病原菌及其感染的相关因素。结果1362例患者发生医院感染率为4.11%,下呼吸道感染占首位,其次为泌尿道感染、胃肠道感染;感染病例检出病原菌以革兰氏阴性菌(G-菌)为首,其次为革兰氏阳性菌(G+菌);患者发生医院感染与患者合并原发病、高龄、住院时间较长、使用多种抗生素及实施侵入性治疗操作有关(均P<0.01)。结论肺结核患者医院感染率较高,患者发生感染与患者合并原发疾病、高龄、住院时间较长、使用多种抗生素及实施侵入性治疗操作有关。提示我们应针对患者感染的原因,采取针对性的预防措施,以便降低肺结核患者医院感染发生率。

Objective To learn the hospital infection of pulmonary tuberculosis and associated factors,and to explore the effective measures to prevent and control tuberculosis.Methods A retrospective and comprehensive analysis was made on the hospital infection sites,hospital infection-related factors,infection rate,pathogen and other factors in 1 362 tuberculosis patients hospitalized from November 2007 to November 2008.Results The hospital infection was 4.11%.Among them,lower respiratory infection ranked the first in the site of infection,followed by urinary infections and gastrointestinal infections;infection pathogens detected in the infected cases were G-bacteria and G＋ bacteria;the influence of protopathy,age,hospitalization time,the use of antibiotics as well as various treatment operations were involved with tuberculosis infection.Conclusions The incidence of hospital infection is high in tuberculosis patients.The infection is related to complicating primary disease,old age,long hospital stay,use of antibiotics and invasive treatment.It indicates that corresponding preventive measures should be taken to reduce hospital infection incidence.