绵阳市地震灾区病媒生物控制与监测分析

Analysis of disease vector control and monitoring in Mianyang earthquake-stricken areas

目的及时掌握地震灾区病媒生物密度变化情况,给灾区虫媒传染病、自然疫源性疾病以及人兽共患疾病的防治提供科学依据。方法从2008年6月13日至10月31日,在地震灾区北川县、平武县、安县和江油市的灾民安置点及其周围环境每周1次监测蚊、蝇、鼠密度。采用目测法测定蚊、蝇密度,采用鼠迹法测定鼠密度,对病媒生物防制效果进行问卷调查。结果蚊虫平均密度为4.60只/人工小时,较地震前(1.26只/人工小时)上升了265.08%;鼠类平均密度为0.74处/2000m,与历史鼠密度(0.32处/2000m)相比上升了131.25%;蝇类平均密度为0.35只/m2,较地震前(2.47只/m2)下降了85.83%。结论地震灾区病媒生物预防控制的各项措施得到落实,清除病媒生物孳生地及开展化学防治是控制病媒生物的有效措施。

Objective To monitor changes in population densities of disease vectors in the earthquake-stricken areas,providing evidence for the control and management of insect-borne diseases,natural-focus diseases and zoonoses. Methods Densities of mosquitoes,flies and rats were monitored on a weekly basis at the relocated settlements and their surroundings in the earthquake-stricken Beichuan county,Pingwu county,An county and Jiangyou city from June 13 to October 31,2008. The densities of mosquitoes and flies were visually determined; populations of rats were monitored using the trace method. Questionnaire survey was conducted on the effectiveness of the control of disease vector. Results The average density of mosquitoes was 4.60/man-hour,an increase of 265.08% compared to that before the earthquake （1.26/man-hour）. The average density of rats was 0.74 nests/2000 m,an increase of 131.25% compared that in history （0.32 nests/2000 m）. The average density of flies was 0.35/m^2,a decrease of 85.83% compared to that before the earthquake （2.47/m^2）. Conclusion Various measures for eliminating four pests in earthquake-stricken areas have been implemented. Elimination of breeding grounds and implementation of vector control programs are effective measures to control disease vectors.