新生儿医院感染因素分析及控制措施

Causative Analysis and Its Strategies of Newborn′s Hospital Infection

目的分析新生儿医院感染的特点,探讨降低其医院感染发病率的预防措施。方法采用回顾性调查手段,分析引起新生儿医院感染的因素。结果新生儿医院感染率为5.7%,以呼吸道感染居首位(73.8%);其主要病原菌为肺炎链球菌(13.3%),表皮葡萄球菌(26.6%),金黄色葡萄球菌(9.5%),大肠埃希菌(17.1%),肺炎克雷伯菌(11.4%),铜绿假单胞菌(6.7%),白色假丝酵母菌(9.5%);早产儿的感染率(18.8%)较足月儿(4.7%)高,出生后<3 d新生儿较>3 d新生儿感染率高(P<0.05);感染组体重、侵入性操作、住院时间、母乳喂养与非感染组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新生儿医院感染的发病率与基础因素和护理行为紧密相关,采取隔离及无菌操作等措施可以降低其发生率。

OBJECTIVE Analysing the characteristics of the newborn＇s hospital infection. The preventive measures are done to decreasing the rate of hospital infection. METHODS Retrospective investigation was done to analysis the factor of the newborn＇s hospital infection. RESULTS The incidence rate of the newborns hospital infection was 5.73%. The respiratory tract infection was the first disease of all the newborn＇s hospital infection（73.8%）, in which the main pathogen was S. pneumoniae（13. 3%）, S. epidermidis（26. 6%）, S. aureus（9.5%）, E. coli （17. 1%）, K. pneurnoniae（11. 4%）, P. aeruginosa （6. 7%）, Candida albicans （9. 5%）. The infection rate among premature infants（18.75%） was higher than that among those of term birth（4. 66%）, the infection rate within 1--3 days was significantly different from that more than 3 days（P〈0.05）. The body weight, operation, time in hospital, breast feeding of was significantly different in two groups （P〈0. 05）. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence rate of the newborn＇s hospital infection is closely interrelated with nursing work it is important measures to reduce infection by strict isolation and asepticmanipulation.