不同反馈形式的生物反馈和音乐放松训练对生理反应和心理指标的影响

Effects of Different Feedback Forms in Biofeedback and Music Relaxation Training on Physiological Responses and Psychological Variables

探讨不同反馈形式的生物反馈和音乐放松训练对生理反应过程、心理状态和特质焦虑的影响。共48名学生自愿者参加了研究,随机分成视觉反馈组、听觉反馈组、综合反馈组(视觉+听觉)和音乐放松组(无反馈)4组,在各自的条件下接受8～12次的放松训练。实验结果发现:4个放松训练组训练后期的指端皮电值、LF/HF(HRV)值、β波振幅和SMR波振幅显著降低,手指皮温显著升高,但是上身肌电值无显著性变化;不同形式的放松训练对心率值、α波振幅和θ波振幅变化趋势的影响是不同的;音乐放松组训练期间的指端皮电值显著低于生物反馈组,听觉反馈组的上身肌电值显著高于视觉反馈组、综合反馈组和音乐放松组;不同反馈形式的生物反馈训练和音乐放松训练对心理状态具有相同的作用,即有效降低疲劳感、激动性和躯体状态焦虑水平,提高平静感水平;经过8次训练后,不同反馈形式的生物反馈训练和音乐放松训练都能显著降低个体特质焦虑水平。

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of biofeedback with different feedback forms and music relaxation training on physiological responses,mental state and trait anxiety.Forty-eight subjects,divided into 4 groups,received 8-12 relaxation training sessions each under one of the following conditions：visual feedback;auditory feedback;visual and auditory feedback;music and no feedback.The result showed that：In the later period of training,finger skin conductance,LF/HF（HRV）,β-wave amplitude and SMR amplitude of the 4 groups who received relaxation training fell significantly,skin temperature rose significantly,but upper body EMG changed not significantly;In music and biofeedback relaxation training,the heart rate,α-wave amplitude and θ-wave amplitude changed differently with time;The group receiving music relaxation achieved significantly lower SC relative to the other groups receiving biofeedback,and the group receiving auditory feedback achieved significantly higher upper body EMG relative to the other groups;The 4 groups receiving relaxation training manifested significant lowering of fatigue,excitement and somatic state anxiety,and significant increasing of calm;After 8 training sessions,the 4 groups showed significant lowering of trait anxiety.