黄河干流泥沙空间优化配置研究(Ⅱ)——潜力与能力

Research on optimal spatial allocation of sediment in main channel of Yellow River(Ⅱ)—potential and capacity

本文采用实测资料分析和数学模型计算等方法,系统研究了2050以前不同水沙系列条件下黄河干流泥沙空间优化配置的潜力与能力及经济投入指标。结果表明,黄河干流河道的输沙潜力与能力较大,2008—2050年下游河道利津站的年最大输沙潜力为10.22～18.08亿t/a,年平均输沙能力为3.46～6.24亿t/a,河口造陆的容沙潜力为254亿t,深海输沙能力为1.74～2.57亿t/a。河道输沙是长期的,应充分利用河道输沙能力输沙到河口造陆和输沙深海。水库拦沙的潜力与能力也较大,干支流水库的拦沙潜力为531.06亿t,小浪底水库的年平均拦沙能力为5.07～5.94亿t/a,古贤水库的年平均拦沙能力为3.42～5.45亿t/a,水库拦沙库容是有限的,应合理利用水库的拦沙能力改善河道冲淤。滩区放淤潜力与能力相对较大,干流滩区放淤的潜力为192.1亿t,下游滩区的年平均放淤能力为0.34～0.64亿t/a,小北干流滩区的年平均放淤能力为1.07～1.42亿t/a,温孟滩区的年平均放淤能力为0.43～1.06亿t/a,滩区放淤是有条件的,应合理利用滩区放淤能力改善滩槽泥沙分布。黄河干流具有一定规模的引水引沙潜力与能力,干流年最大引水引沙潜力为2.8亿t/a,年平均引水引沙能力为1.62～2.54亿t/a,引水引沙也是有条件的,并对河道冲淤有影响。经分析,排沙入海的经济投入较低,其次为水库拦沙,滩区放淤的经济投入较高。研究成果为黄河干流泥沙空间优化配置提供可定量的约束条件和控制指标。

By means of data analysis and mathematical model,the potential and capacity as well as economic index of sediment spatial allocation in the main channel of Yellow River for various flow and sediment conditions before 2050 are studied.The results indicate that the capacity of sediment transportation for the main channel of Yellow River is large enough to transport sediment about 346-624 million tons per year at Lijin Station in the period from 2008 to 2050,and the potential of creating land in estuary is about 2.54 billion tons,the annual capacity of transporting sediment into deep sea is about 174-257 million tons.The capacity of sediment transport should be fully utilized to create land in estuary and transport sediment into deep sea.The potential of reservoirs for storing sediment in main channel and tributaries is also large enough to store sediment about 5.31 billion tons.The annual capacity of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir is 507-594 million tons,and the annual capacity of Guxian Reservoir is 342-545 million tons.Because the volume of reservoirs for storing sediment is limited,it should be utilized reasonablely to improve the siltation in the river channel.The potential of river beaches for releasing siltation is also large enough to store sediment about 1.92 billion tons.The annual capacity of beaches in the Lower Yellow River is 34-64 million tons,the annual capacity in Little North Main River is 107-142 million tons,and the annual capacity of Wenmeng beach is 43-106 million tons.The capacity of beaches for releasing siltation is conditional,so it should be utilized reasonablely to improve the sediment distribution in river channel and beaches.The economic index to transport sediment into sea is less than that to store sediment in reservoir,and the economic index of beaches for releasing siltation is higher than that of storing sediment in reservoir.