笑舞台与上海文明戏

Xiao Wutai and Shanghai Wenmingxi

运用20世纪10-20年代在上海发行的《时报》《申报》《新闻报》《国民日报》《罗宾汉》等报刊资料,研究了上海文明戏重要的演出剧场笑舞台的沿革、主要上演的剧目,同时讨论了上海后期文明戏的社会生存空间。根据《时报》和《罗宾汉》的记载,笑舞台始建于1915年4月9日,关闭于1929年8月14日之后。在此期间,笑舞台成功地进行了文明戏的商业演出,演出了《阎瑞生》等所谓的新闻时事剧、《雍正皇帝》等清宫戏、《马永贞》等武侠戏和《刁刘氏》等色情戏,受到上海市民阶层的喜爱和欢迎,成为上海文明戏专业剧场中演出时间最长的一个剧场。笑舞台在上海市民社会的生存空间,受到了来自传统戏曲和新兴电影两方面的巨大压力,成为其最终覆灭的根本原因。

Based on the related records in Shibao,Shenbao,Xinwenbao and Luobinhan （Robin Hood） in the 1910s and 1920s,this paper focuses on the development of ＂Xiao Wutai＂ ,a major stage in Shanghai for Wenmingxi （civilized drama）,and its plays. It further discusses about the social environment for Wenmingxi＇s existence in the later period. It was recorded in Shibo and Luobinhan that ＂Xiao Wutai＂ was founded on April 9,1915 and closed on August 14,1929. During the time,＂Xiao Wutai＂ successfully conducted some commercial plays and won its popularity among the residents of the city. The well-known plays included Yan Ruisheng,pertinent to the current affairs of that time; Emperor Yongzheng,about the royal family of Qing Dynasty; Ma Yongzhen,an action play; and A Shrew,a somewhat pornographic work. The above fact made ＂Xiao Wutai＂ the one with longest show time among all the professional stages in Shanghai. However,The room for ＂Xiao Wutai＂ in social environment was nibbled by traditional Chinese operas and newly developed movies,which finally led to its decline and extinction.