精神分析学视域下的文学研究

Psycho-analysis and Literary Research

19世纪末,风靡于欧洲的精神分析学派,不只是一种心理学理论,也是20世纪影响最大、延续时间最长的文艺理论流派之一。一个多世纪以来,精神分析由最初的病理学理论发展为普通的心理学理论,也由一种医学思想扩展为一种世界观、一个哲学方法,广泛地影响着宗教、伦理、政治、语言、人类学尤其是文学艺术等领域,并一举成为欧洲现代派文学的重要理论基础。作为现代西方心理学文艺理论最具规模的一支,精神分析学派并不是一个独立存在的批评理论学派,它以接近文学解释为途径,以心理分析为切入点,旨在说明人类行为的原因和方式,并对整个人类的文明及心灵的净化起到了一定的推动作用。

The late 19th century,gaming popularity in Europe of psychoanalysis,not jiust a psychological theory.It is also the greatest innuence and the continuation of the longest time one theory of literature and art in the 20th century.For more than a century,psychoanalytic theory from pathological development as a norillal psychological theory,by a medical thought extended to a world view,a philosophical method,and so the wide-ranging implications of religion,ethics,politics,language,anthropology and especially in thefields of arts and letters,and it＇s the chance to become animponant European modernist.As modern Western psychology most literary theory is a branch of the die,psychoanalysis is not an independent existence of critical theory near literature,it is interpreted as apsychological analysis,taking as a cut-off point,seeks to clarify the causes of human behavior and how,and on the whole human civilization and purification of the soul has played a certain role.