极低出生体重儿临床资料分析

Clinical Analysis of Very Low Birth Weight Infants

目的探讨早产极低出生体重儿(Very Low BirthWeight Infants,VLBWI)发生的病因和防治。方法对56例早产极低体重儿的临床资料和综合处理进行回顾性分析。结果导致极低出生体重儿的主要原因有多胎妊娠、妊娠合并症、胎膜早破、高龄产妇和原因不明等。所有患儿均有一种或多种并发症,主要为低体温、呼吸暂停、早产儿贫血、低钙血症、感染性肺炎、肺透明膜病(RDS)、高胆红素血症、高血糖、喂养不耐受等。本组极低出生体重儿的存活率为76.8%(43/56),死亡率为23.2%(13/56)。结论应加强高危孕妇围产期监测,减少VLBWI发生几率,对VLBWI应预防各种并发症并针对性治疗及随访,以提高其生存率及近远期生存质量。

Objective To explore the etiological factor,prevention and cure of the very low birth weight premature infants（VLBWI）.Methods Data of clinical comprehensive treatments of the 56 cases premature and low birth weight infants were analyzed retrospectively.Results The major risks factors of premature birth in VLBWIs were multiple pregnancy,pregnancy complications,premature-rupture ofmembrane,advanced age puerpera and unknown reasons.All hospitalized VLBWIs had at least one complication.The incidences of complications were hypothermia,apnea,hypocalcemia,anemia of prematurity,pneumonia,hyperbilirubinemia,hyaline membrane disease,hyperglycemia,and feeding intolerance etc.The overall survival rate was 76.8% and the rate of death was 23.2% in test group.Conclusion To lower the incidence of VLBWI,we should monitor the high risk pregnant woman closely during pregnancy period,prevent and treat all kinds of complications,follow up high risk babies to improve the survival rate and infants＇quality of life.