RS-QD联合契约对三级供应链的协调

Three-Level Supply Chain Coordination by RS-QD Combined Contracts

研究了随机市场需求下由制造商、分销商和零售商组成的三级供应链的协调问题。针对供应链系统的全局协调,得出了系统的最优订购决策;设计了一种RS-QD联合契约协调机制,即在三级供应链中的两个交易过程中分别采取收益共享契约机制和数量折扣契约机制,包括(w,φ,w(q))和(w(q),w,φ)两种形式。证明了通过制定合理的契约参数能够实现三级供应链系统的协调。通过契约参数的合理选择可以实现各企业的双赢,从而有助于改善企业在供应链中的行为决策能力和市场竞争能力,在合理的范围内契约参数的大小与企业的讨价还价能力有关。通过算例验证了RS-QD联合契约机制的有效性。

Three-level supply chain composed of a manufacturer,a distributor,and a retailer is considered.The coordination problem of such a supply chain under demand uncertainty is discussed.The optimal order quantity is analyzed under centralized decision making mode.Based on the analysis,a method by using combined contract called revenue-sharing and quantity discount contract（RS-QD） is proposed to coordinate the supply chain.It includes two types of contracts：（w,φ,w（q）） and（w（q）,w,φ）.By（w,φ,w（q））,quantity discount is used between the distributor and retailer,but it is revenue-sharing between the manufacturer and distributor,while（w（q）,w,φ） means that quantity discount is used between the manufacturer and distributor,and it is revenue-sharing between the distributor and retailer.Win-win can be realized for all parts in the chain by selecting appropriate parameters.The method is illustrated by a numerical example and its effectiveness is validated.