中国公共教育经费投入与支出的现实审视

The Examination of Finance and Expenditure in China's Public Education Funds

基于最新的统计数据,从国际比较的视角对中国公共教育费用的投入规模和支出结构进行实证分析,可以得到如下判断:第一,中国政府的教育投入尽管近年来呈上升趋势,但与国际水平相比仍然较低,甚至没有达到中国政府自己设立的最低要求;第二,中国在高等教育的公共支出比重一度较高,近年来有所下降,但使用效率不高,而用于教育行政机构和事业单位的支出份额偏高;第三,公共教育经费在基础教育上的支出份额一直偏低,与发达国家有一定的差距。这项研究的政策义涵有三:其一,中国政府应大幅度增加财政性教育经费,以尽快达到自己设立的目标;其二,中国政府应优化公共教育资金的配置,在基础教育(尤其是义务教育)的公共投入比重亟待提高;其三,保证公共资金的合理使用,防止义务教育经费的挪用、高等教育经费的浪费和教育行政费用的扩张。

Based on the newest statistics and demonstration analysis, the judgments are as follows. First, the education funds financed by China＇s governments are much lower, even not hitting the lowest mark they made, to say nothing of the world＇s average. Second, the education funds on higher education were higher and have been declining in recent years. However, more expenditures are on educational administration organizations and public institutions without high efficiency. Third, the finds on the basic education are less. There are three necessities about this research. First, China＇s governments should finance much to hit the mark they made. Second, China＇s governments should optimize public education funds distribution and more are on basic education. Third, the problems such as the embezzlement, extravagance and expansion of administration in education funds, should be prevented.