从“教养兼施”到“劳动教养”:中国劳动教养制度起源新探

From "Re-education" to "Re-education through labor":the Origin of China's System of "Re-education through labor"

作为源自中国传统社会的救助办法,"教养兼施"原指救助贫民时兼顾生活救助和职业培训。但随着晚清时期的西潮冲击和社会变迁,"教养兼施"的强制、惩戒和改造含义日益浓厚。这对近代中国慈善救助事业产生实际影响,一系列"教养兼施"机构开始出现。新中国成立后出现的"劳动教养"制度,其实便是从"教养兼施"的理念和实践逐步演变而来的。

As a way of social relief come from Chinese traditional society, ＂both support and education＂ means that attach importance to both livelihood relief and vocation training. But with the impact from the Occident and quick development of society during the late Qing Dynasty, the meaning of compulsion, punish and rectification in＂ both support and education＂ become more and more strong. The change influ- ences Chinese charity relief actually, a series of＂ both support and education＂ organizations appear. The reeducation through labor system appears after 1949 in China just gradually develops from the concept and practice of ＂both support and education＂.