“长安十子”别名考论

清代二百六十多年间曾经出现了众多风格各异的诗歌流派以及并称群体,其数量之众,超过了历史上任何一个时期。这实在是一个引人注目并且值得研究的文学现象。近十几年来,虽有一些学人着手研究这一文学现象,发表了一批论著,刘世南的《清诗流派史》堪称其中的力作。然而,关于这一文学现象的研究有待于进一步拓展与创新。为此,我受《河北学刊》主编的委托,特组织了这次"清代诗歌流派"(包括并称群体)专题研究笔谈,我们认为,太仓诗派是清代初年的一个地域性诗派,它的形成既同那一时代诗歌的解放与活跃、文人社团的普遍兴起相关,也同吴梅村有意识的标举与引领相关。清初神韵诗派领袖王士祯所定"长安十子",其名称多达十二个以上,在这方面堪称典型。对这些名称进行梳理,可以发现不少微妙的问题,有助于学术研究的深化。清代性灵派实际是狭义的江南诗派,其成员的籍贯基本属于苏南与杭嘉湖地区。而性灵派之所以在江南出现,除了乾嘉时期整体的经济文化背景,以及袁枚的个人作用之外,江南特有的自然与人文地域环境也是重要因素。清代最有影响的地域性文学流派——桐城派中的一些作家也从事诗歌创作,就此形成了一个诗歌流派。桐城诗派的主要特点在于将唐宋诗歌的特长加以融合,从而产生出一种令人似曾相识又耳目一新的诗歌类型,它在整合前代传统方面超过了同时代的其他诗派。希望这组专题讨论文章能够引起学术界的广泛关注,并通过学术争鸣和互相切磋,将这一研究引向深入。

There are many poetry schools in the Qing dynasty more than any dynasty in China's history. Now some books on this phenomenon are published such as History of the Qing Poetry Schools by Liu Shi-nan and others. Commissioned by Hebei Academic Journal I organized this conference. We think that Taicang Poetry School is a local one in the early Qing dynasty. 'Ten Poets in Chang'an' named by Wang Shi-zhen are more than twelve poets. Researches of them are beneficial to academic development. Xingling School in the Qing dynasty is in fact a poetry school in the south of China,which rose because of the economic and cultural backgrounds and was also advocated by Yuan Mei. The most influential local poetry school is Tongcheng School,whose features are to absorb the advantages of the Tang poems and excel other schools in the Qing dynasty.