肿瘤细胞铁代谢及其调节研究进展

Advancement of the study on iron metabolism and regulation in tumor cells

铁是一切生命体不可缺少的元素,广泛参与重要的生命代谢过程,在DNA的合成、电子传递、氧运送等过程中起着重要的作用。铁代谢包括吸收、转运和利用是严格受控的。机体储存铁与某些肿瘤的风险正相关,其中包括直肠癌、肝癌、肾癌、肺癌及胃癌。在肿瘤细胞中,铁代谢发生了一系列的改变,如转铁蛋白能够调节肿瘤细胞生长;肿瘤细胞中转铁蛋白受体1水平高于正常细胞,摄取铁的速率更快;转铁蛋白受体2在正常细胞中不表达,但常常在肿瘤细胞中表达;许多实体性恶性肿瘤细胞可以合成或分泌铁蛋白;肿瘤患者常表现为高水平铁调素。通过对肿瘤细胞铁代谢的研究,在诊断和治疗方面也取得了一些进展,如转铁蛋白-多聚乙烯亚胺针对恶性肿瘤细胞的转染效率和靶向性,β-藤黄素通过TfR1间接引起细胞凋亡作用。

As an essential metal for sustaining life,iron is involved in a number of metabolic processes,including DNA synthesis,electron transport,oxygen delivery,and so on. Iron metabolism involves the absorption,transport,and use of iron and is strictly regulated. Numerous studies have found a positive correlation between iron storage and the risk of tumors,such as colorectal carcinoma,hepatic cancer,renal carcinoma,lung cancer,and gastric cancer. In tumor cells,iron metabolism changes by several mechanisms,such as regulating the growth of tumor cells by transferrin,accelerating the uptake of iron by the overexpressions of transferrin receptors 1 and 2 （TfR1 and TfR2）,synthesizing or secreting ferritin by some malignant tumor cells,and upregulating the level of hepcidin in patients with cancer. Some advances on diagnosis and treatment based on iron metabolism have been achieved,such as increasing the transfection and target efficiency of transferrin-polyethylenimine （PEI）,inducing cell apoptosis by β-guttiferin through interacting with TfR1.